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Collaborative Robots

Collaborative Robots

Safe human-robot interaction, force-limited assembly, and adaptive process control for cobots.

ISO/TS 15066IP67Force-LimitedEnd-Effector

Shared Workspace Safety

Collaborative robots operate alongside humans without cages. ISO/TS 15066 specifies transient contact force limits by body region (e.g. 65 N at the skull, 140 N at the chest). Joint torque estimates cannot reliably resolve end-effector contact forces to this precision; an external 6-axis sensor at the flange provides direct measurement. AXIOM-500 at 0.025 N force resolution resolves contacts well below these thresholds.

Technician working at a shop-floor assembly cell beside a UR-class cobot with an AXIOM wrist sensor, uncaged collaborative assembly of a harness into an electronic enclosure

Force-Controlled Assembly and Process Adaptation

Insertion, snap-fit, and press-fit operations require closed-loop force control to hit force-displacement signatures reliably across part tolerance bands. IP67 sealing and a -20 °C to +60 °C operating range let AXIOM sensors deploy in wash-down cells and temperature-variable environments without additional enclosures. The 100 / 250 / 500 Hz configurable output rate matches the cobot's control cycle without overloading the fieldbus.

KUKA industrial arm with AXIOM sensor at the wrist driving a flap-wheel tool across an aluminium turbine blade in a force-controlled deburring pass

65 N

ISO/TS 15066 Skull Contact Limit

IP67

Environmental Protection

0.025 N

Force Resolution (Fx/Fy, AXIOM-500)

Challenges

  • Motor-current-based force estimation has cumulative error across the kinematic chain; by the time it resolves at the end effector, it cannot reliably distinguish tool-contact from payload inertia at low forces.
  • Cobot payload budgets are tight — adding a sensor that consumes 10–15% of available payload undermines the flexibility argument for cobots in the first place.
  • Assembly processes must tolerate part-to-part variability; a purely position-controlled insertion strategy fails when tolerance bands stack.

Outcomes

  • Direct 6-axis measurement at the flange replaces motor-current estimation with traceable, low-noise contact force data for safety and process control in the same sensor.
  • Single-cable RS-485 connection and integrated electronics keep the add-on mass at 200–350 g depending on model — within cobot payload margins for most UR, Franka, and KUKA iiwa platforms.

Recommended

AXIOM-500Coming Soon

Compact, low-range 6-axis force-torque sensor for collaborative robotics and precision assembly.

Recommended

AXIOM-1000

Mid-range general-purpose model balancing force capacity and measurement resolution.

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